CLASS 7 HISTORY UNIT NO.3 SHORT QUESTION NBF BOOK | BY ALEEM KHAN

 

HISTORY-(Class-7)

Unit-3 “Muslim Dynasties”

Shorts Questions/Answers

Q No.1: Explain the importance of the following personalities in the history:

i.            Sultan Salahuddin Ayubi  ii.     Sultan Muhammad Fateh

Ans:

i.            Sultan Salahuddin Ayubi.

Sultan Salahuddin Ayubi was born in 1138 in Iraq.  He served under Imad-ad-Din Zangi as troop’s commander. He was the ruler of the states of Egypt and Syria. He fought against the Christian world and defeated them.  He recaptured the Jerusalem from the Crusaders in 1187 in the battle of Hattin. He was the founder of the Ayyubid dynasty. He united the Muslim territories of Syria, Palestine and Egypt through diplomacy.

ii.          Sultan Muhammad Fateh.

He was born in 1432. He was grandfather of Tipu Sultan. He conquered the Constantinople. He played a very important rule in the expansion of Islamic territory, setting the lands, making improvements in the economic, educational and very concerned about the welfare of its people.  In his leadership, the center of government was made very beautiful, advanced and economically successful.

 

Q No.2: Enlist the causes of the downfall of Ayyubids.

Instead of establishing a centralized empire, saladin appointed his relation in hereditary principalities through the conquered land.  This led to numerous wars of successions and internal rivalries weakening the Ayyubid Empire. At the same time Zengids, attempted to restore Zengi’s rule in the region.  The Mongols drove out Ayyubids from Damascus and Aleppo in 1260.  Following the Mangol defeat, most of Syria fell to the Mamluks.  Local Ayyubid dynasties continued to rule parts of Syria until the Mamluks fully conquered them by 1334.

Q No.3: Who was the most powerful ruler of the Seljuk Dynasty?

Ans:  Mali Shah was the most powerful ruler of the Seljuk Dynasty. The empire reached its territorial peak extending its lands from Syria to Yemen and from Anatolia to China. It had the Jerusalem, Damascus, Aleppo, Mosul, Antioch and Baghdad under its fold. His reign is figured as the golden age of “Great Seljuk”. In 1087, Malik Shah was titled “The Sultan of the East and West” by The Abbasid Caliph. However, rebellion and war with neighboring kingdoms led to wakening the Empire.

Q No.4: Enlist the factors of Ayyubids’ success?

Ans:  The Ayyubid dynasty founded by Salah-ad-Din Yousaf. After conquering Jerusalem, Saladin let jews, Christians and Muslims all freely practice their religions in the holy city.  Through diplomacy and military force, he united the Muslim territories of Syria, northern Mesopotamia, Palestine and Egypt under his rule. He gained widespread Muslim support due to his powerful leadership.

Q No.5: Write a short note on Safavids?

Ans:  Safavids were the followers of Sheikh Safi-al-Din of Ardabil. By the mid of 15^th century, his successors had become militant and their armies were considered much powerful in the region.  Shah Ismail, waged a campaign against Ottmans with enough support from local Turkman. Later on Safavids captured greater part of Iran, Baghdad and Mousel. Successors. Abbas-I taken over throne in 1588. His striking military successes and effective administrative system made Iran a great power. But after his death, the Safavid Dynasty was declined badly.

Q No.6: List down the effects of Crusades in your own words?

Ans: 

·        European contact with the cultures of the eastern Mediterranean grew.  Crusaders brought back Asian good, resulting in increased trade of spices, furs, cloth, sugarcane, rice etc.

·        European were building better ships and finding new routes to India and China because the Muslims had control over the Holy Land.

·         Since they had to find new routes, they learned to read maps, navigate the routes and use compasses.

·        Europeans improved their language and mathematics.  They grew stronger in medicines fields, hygiene and building structures.

·        The defeat of the Crusaders diminished the power of Pope and Nobles which strengthened the power of King.

 

Q No.7: Briefly describe the central administration during the Ottoman Empire?

Ans: 

The Ottoman State became an independent government by 1335 AD in Anatolia.  Most of the Ottoman government institutions were founded during the time of Orhan Ghazi and Murad-I.

Central Administration

The Ottomans had a degree of central government unmatched in Europe of that time. The Sultans delegated authorities to their viziers and other high officials.  Government positions were based purely on merit.